Arduino: Flow Control Statements

[last updated: 2022-08-10]
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On this page:

• if ... else ... else if
• for
• while
• switch/case
• break
• return

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• if ... else:
  if ( [some boolean condition] )
          { [statements] }
  -----

  
  if no 'else' statement is used, and if there is only One statement to be executed,
  then the curly braces can be omitted:

  if ( [some boolean condition] )
          [statement];

  -----

  
  if ( [some boolean condition] )
          { [statements] }
  else
          { [statements] }
  -----

  
  if ( [some boolean condition] )
          { [statements] }
  else if ( [some boolean condition] )
          { [statements] }

  -------------------------------------------

• for:
  for (int n=0; n <=3; n++) {
  // the "for loop" will repeatedly execute the enclosed statements.
       // The counter, "n"
       // will increment in each loop according to "n++"
       // until the test ("n <=3") fails

  // [statements to execute]

  } // endfor

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Tip to get a Logarithmic progression:
for (int x = 2; x<100; x = x * 1.5) {
      println(x);
}

Using a multiplication in the increment line will generate a logarithmic progression.

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• while:
  while ( [condition to eval as T/F] ) {
      //statements to execute
  } // endwhile

-------------------------------------------

• switch/case:
  switch ([someVariable]) {
       case value1:
          // statements
          break;
      case valuel2:
          // statements
          break;
      default:
           // statements
  }
  Note: someVariable must be either an int or a single char
  For example, if someVariable is = value1, then the statements following "case value1:" will be executed

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• break:
  can be used ( break; ) to force exit from:
  for,
  or while,
  or do-while statements,
  or from case statements, as shown above.

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• return:
  can be used to terminate a function and return to the calling function:
        return;
  can also be used to return a value to the calling function, with:
        return value;
  If a value is to be returned, the type of that value must be declared with eg.:
        int functionName() { ... where int is the type of whatever value is to be returned
  as opposed to standard way of defining a function:
        void functionName() { ...

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eof